diff --git a/companion/Sources/ElementTypeName.swift b/companion/Sources/ElementTypeName.swift
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5f517d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/companion/Sources/ElementTypeName.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+import XCTest
+
+// Maps XCUIElement.ElementType to the capitalized conventional type names the
+// Go mapper consumes. textView is deliberately "TextArea": the Go side treats
+// "TextArea" and "TextField" as the editable types.
+func elementTypeName(_ elementType: XCUIElement.ElementType) -> String {
+    switch elementType {
+    case .application: return "Application"
+    case .group: return "Group"
+    case .window: return "Window"
+    case .sheet: return "Sheet"
+    case .drawer: return "Drawer"
+    case .alert: return "Alert"
+    case .dialog: return "Dialog"
+    case .button: return "Button"
+    case .radioButton: return "RadioButton"
+    case .radioGroup: return "RadioGroup"
+    case .checkBox: return "CheckBox"
+    case .disclosureTriangle: return "DisclosureTriangle"
+    case .popUpButton: return "PopUpButton"
+    case .comboBox: return "ComboBox"
+    case .menuButton: return "MenuButton"
+    case .toolbarButton: return "ToolbarButton"
+    case .popover: return "Popover"
+    case .keyboard: return "Keyboard"
+    case .key: return "Key"
+    case .navigationBar: return "NavigationBar"
+    case .tabBar: return "TabBar"
+    case .tabGroup: return "TabGroup"
+    case .toolbar: return "Toolbar"
+    case .statusBar: return "StatusBar"
+    case .table: return "Table"
+    case .tableRow: return "TableRow"
+    case .tableColumn: return "TableColumn"
+    case .outline: return "Outline"
+    case .outlineRow: return "OutlineRow"
+    case .browser: return "Browser"
+    case .collectionView: return "CollectionView"
+    case .slider: return "Slider"
+    case .pageIndicator: return "PageIndicator"
+    case .progressIndicator: return "ProgressIndicator"
+    case .activityIndicator: return "ActivityIndicator"
+    case .segmentedControl: return "SegmentedControl"
+    case .picker: return "Picker"
+    case .pickerWheel: return "PickerWheel"
+    case .switch: return "Switch"
+    case .toggle: return "Toggle"
+    case .link: return "Link"
+    case .image: return "Image"
+    case .icon: return "Icon"
+    case .searchField: return "SearchField"
+    case .scrollView: return "ScrollView"
+    case .scrollBar: return "ScrollBar"
+    case .staticText: return "StaticText"
+    case .textField: return "TextField"
+    case .secureTextField: return "SecureTextField"
+    case .datePicker: return "DatePicker"
+    case .textView: return "TextArea"
+    case .menu: return "Menu"
+    case .menuItem: return "MenuItem"
+    case .menuBar: return "MenuBar"
+    case .menuBarItem: return "MenuBarItem"
+    case .map: return "Map"
+    case .webView: return "WebView"
+    case .incrementArrow: return "IncrementArrow"
+    case .decrementArrow: return "DecrementArrow"
+    case .timeline: return "Timeline"
+    case .ratingIndicator: return "RatingIndicator"
+    case .valueIndicator: return "ValueIndicator"
+    case .splitGroup: return "SplitGroup"
+    case .splitter: return "Splitter"
+    case .relevanceIndicator: return "RelevanceIndicator"
+    case .colorWell: return "ColorWell"
+    case .helpTag: return "HelpTag"
+    case .matte: return "Matte"
+    case .dockItem: return "DockItem"
+    case .ruler: return "Ruler"
+    case .rulerMarker: return "RulerMarker"
+    case .grid: return "Grid"
+    case .levelIndicator: return "LevelIndicator"
+    case .cell: return "Cell"
+    case .layoutArea: return "LayoutArea"
+    case .layoutItem: return "LayoutItem"
+    case .handle: return "Handle"
+    case .stepper: return "Stepper"
+    case .tab: return "Tab"
+    case .touchBar: return "TouchBar"
+    case .statusItem: return "StatusItem"
+    case .any: return "Any"
+    case .other: return "Other"
+    @unknown default: return "Other"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/companion/Sources/Snapshot.swift b/companion/Sources/Snapshot.swift
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc43dbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/companion/Sources/Snapshot.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import XCTest
+
+// Flattens an accessibility snapshot tree into the legacy flat element array.
+enum Snapshot {
+    // Produces the flat element array for the given bundle identifier. Falls back
+    // to springboard if the requested app is not running or its snapshot throws.
+    static func elements(bundleIdentifier: String) -> [[String: Any]] {
+        if let captured = try? capture(bundleIdentifier: bundleIdentifier) {
+            return captured
+        }
+        if let fallback = try? capture(bundleIdentifier: "com.apple.springboard") {
+            return fallback
+        }
+        return []
+    }
+
+    private static func capture(bundleIdentifier: String) throws -> [[String: Any]] {
+        let application = XCUIApplication(bundleIdentifier: bundleIdentifier)
+        let root = try application.snapshot()
+        var result: [[String: Any]] = []
+        walk(root, into: &result)
+        return result
+    }
+
+    private static func walk(_ node: XCUIElementSnapshot, into result: inout [[String: Any]]) {
+        result.append(serialize(node))
+        for child in node.children {
+            walk(child, into: &result)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static func serialize(_ node: XCUIElementSnapshot) -> [String: Any] {
+        let frame = node.frame
+        var element: [String: Any] = [
+            "type": elementTypeName(node.elementType),
+            "frame": [
+                "x": Double(frame.origin.x),
+                "y": Double(frame.origin.y),
+                "width": Double(frame.size.width),
+                "height": Double(frame.size.height),
+            ],
+            "enabled": node.isEnabled,
+            "AXLabel": nullableString(node.label),
+            "AXValue": nullableString(stringifyValue(node.value)),
+            "AXUniqueId": nullableString(node.identifier),
+        ]
+        // Keep the dictionary keys deterministic for readers; values stay as set.
+        _ = element
+        return element
+    }
+
+    private static func nullableString(_ value: String?) -> Any {
+        guard let value = value, !value.isEmpty else { return NSNull() }
+        return value
+    }
+
+    private static func stringifyValue(_ value: Any?) -> String? {
+        guard let value = value else { return nil }
+        if let text = value as? String { return text }
+        return String(describing: value)
+    }
+}