diff --git a/internal/runner/llm_source.go b/internal/runner/llm_source.go
index 65f7625..f5be99f 100644
--- a/internal/runner/llm_source.go
+++ b/internal/runner/llm_source.go
@@ -64,11 +64,14 @@ type llmSource struct {
 	// can stamp the trace. lastSource is "llm" only when the LLM (not setup)
 	// chose the action; lastReasoning is the model's rationale. lastChoice is the
 	// 1-based number it picked and lastChosenAction the description it echoed, so
-	// the trace shows what the model believed it was doing.
+	// the trace shows what the model believed it was doing. lastFromSetup says
+	// the spec's setup produced the action, which is the app being put in
+	// position rather than the generator exploring it.
 	lastSource       string
 	lastReasoning    string
 	lastChoice       int
 	lastChosenAction string
+	lastFromSetup    bool
 }
 
 // llmSelection is the outcome of one LLM selection call.
@@ -95,12 +98,14 @@ func (s *llmSource) NextAction(ctx context.Context, stepIndex int) (verifier.Act
 	s.lastReasoning = ""
 	s.lastChoice = 0
 	s.lastChosenAction = ""
+	s.lastFromSetup = false
 	s.history.completeLast(s.verifier.CurrentScreen())
 
 	// Setup precedence only: the LLM replaces the seeded action root, so we run
 	// setup (e.g. login) first but never the weighted picker.
 	action, err := s.verifier.SetupAction()
 	if err == nil {
+		s.lastFromSetup = true
 		s.record(stepIndex, trace.LLMCall{Outcome: trace.LLMOutcomeSetupAction})
 		s.history.add(describeAction(action))
 		return action, nil
@@ -509,6 +514,16 @@ func stampActionSource(traceAction *trace.Action, source ActionSource) {
 	traceAction.LLMChosenAction = llm.lastChosenAction
 }
 
+// generatorChoseAction reports whether the action the source just returned came
+// from the generator rather than from the spec's setup driving the app into
+// position. Only the model source can tell them apart: the seeded picker
+// resolves setup precedence inside the one JS call it makes, so everything it
+// returns counts as the generator's.
+func generatorChoseAction(source ActionSource) bool {
+	llm, ok := source.(*llmSource)
+	return !ok || !llm.lastFromSetup
+}
+
 // screenshotDataURL downscales the PNG and encodes it as a data URL for the
 // image content part.
 func screenshotDataURL(pngBytes []byte, maxEdge int) (string, bool) {
diff --git a/internal/runner/llm_source_test.go b/internal/runner/llm_source_test.go
index 328ef41..016d756 100644
--- a/internal/runner/llm_source_test.go
+++ b/internal/runner/llm_source_test.go
@@ -818,6 +818,168 @@ func TestRunner_EveryModelCallFailingIsNotACleanRun(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// llmLoginSetupSpec is the shape every spec with a login has: setup drives the
+// app for its first steps and then yields nothing, leaving the rest of the run
+// to the generator.
+const llmLoginSetupSpec = `
+import { llm, always, actions, taps, typing, weighted, Tap } from "@sanderling/spec";
+globalThis.properties = { ok: always(() => true) };
+let setupTapsLeft = 2;
+globalThis.setup = actions(() => (setupTapsLeft-- > 0 ? [Tap({ on: "id:Submit" })] : []));
+globalThis.actions = weighted([1, taps], [1, typing]);
+globalThis.generator = llm({ model: "test/model" });
+`
+
+// TestRunner_SetupActionsAreNotTheGeneratorDrivingTheApp is the folio run: the
+// spec's login setup dispatches the first steps, then every model call fails.
+// Two actions reached the app and none of them explored it, and a run counted
+// by dispatched actions alone reports that as a clean run.
+func TestRunner_SetupActionsAreNotTheGeneratorDrivingTheApp(t *testing.T) {
+	fake := newFakeOpenRouter(t)
+	fake.server.Config.Handler = http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusTooManyRequests)
+	})
+	t.Setenv("OPENROUTER_API_KEY", "test-key")
+	t.Setenv("OPENROUTER_BASE_URL", fake.server.URL)
+
+	state := newHarnessWithSpec(t, llmLoginSetupSpec)
+	state.mock.HierarchyJSON = llmTreeJSON
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	summary, err := Run(ctx, Options{
+		Duration:    30 * time.Second,
+		IdleTimeout: 20 * time.Millisecond,
+		MaxSteps:    4,
+		Driver:      state.mock,
+		Verifier:    state.verifier,
+		TraceWriter: state.writer,
+		Generator:   "llm",
+		LabelSource: verifier.LabelSourceVisibleText,
+		Logger:      slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil)),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Run: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	wantOutcomes := []string{
+		trace.LLMOutcomeSetupAction, trace.LLMOutcomeSetupAction,
+		trace.LLMOutcomeRequestFailed, trace.LLMOutcomeRequestFailed,
+	}
+	calls := readLLMCalls(t, state.writer.Directory())
+	if len(calls) != len(wantOutcomes) {
+		t.Fatalf("recorded %d selection records, want %d", len(calls), len(wantOutcomes))
+	}
+	for index, call := range calls {
+		if call.Outcome != wantOutcomes[index] {
+			t.Fatalf("call at step %d ended %q, want %q", call.Step, call.Outcome, wantOutcomes[index])
+		}
+	}
+
+	lines := readTraceLines(t, state.writer.Directory())
+	if len(lines) != 4 {
+		t.Fatalf("wrote %d trace lines, want 4", len(lines))
+	}
+	for _, line := range lines[:2] {
+		if line.NextAction == nil || line.ActionSkipped != "" {
+			t.Errorf("step %d = %+v, want setup's action dispatched", line.Step, line)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, line := range lines[2:] {
+		if line.ActionSkipped != string(actionSkippedNoActionProduced) {
+			t.Errorf("step %d action_skipped = %q, want %q",
+				line.Step, line.ActionSkipped, actionSkippedNoActionProduced)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if summary.DispatchedActions != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("DispatchedActions = %d, want 2: setup drove the app twice",
+			summary.DispatchedActions)
+	}
+	if summary.GeneratorActions != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("GeneratorActions = %d, want 0: every model call failed",
+			summary.GeneratorActions)
+	}
+	if got := summary.SkippedActions[string(actionSkippedNoActionProduced)]; got != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("summary counted %d step(s) as %q, want 2: %v",
+			got, actionSkippedNoActionProduced, summary.SkippedActions)
+	}
+	taps := 0
+	for _, action := range state.mock.Actions() {
+		if action.Kind == mockdriver.ActionTap || action.Kind == mockdriver.ActionTapSelector {
+			taps++
+		}
+	}
+	if taps != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("the run drove the app %d time(s), want the 2 setup taps only", taps)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRunner_SetupAndGeneratorBothDrivingIsAHealthyRun is the same spec with a
+// provider that answers: setup drives its steps and the model drives the rest,
+// which is what an ordinary login-fronted run looks like. Counting only the
+// generator's actions must not turn it red.
+func TestRunner_SetupAndGeneratorBothDrivingIsAHealthyRun(t *testing.T) {
+	fake := newFakeOpenRouter(t)
+	t.Setenv("OPENROUTER_API_KEY", "test-key")
+	t.Setenv("OPENROUTER_BASE_URL", fake.server.URL)
+
+	state := newHarnessWithSpec(t, llmLoginSetupSpec)
+	state.mock.HierarchyJSON = llmTreeJSON
+	pushSnapshotTree(t, state.verifier, llmTreeJSON)
+	tap := candidateByKind(t,
+		mustCandidates(t, state.verifier, verifier.LabelSourceVisibleText),
+		verifier.ActionKindTap)
+	fake.choice = tap.Index
+	fake.chosenAction = tap.Description
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	summary, err := Run(ctx, Options{
+		Duration:    30 * time.Second,
+		IdleTimeout: 20 * time.Millisecond,
+		MaxSteps:    4,
+		Driver:      state.mock,
+		Verifier:    state.verifier,
+		TraceWriter: state.writer,
+		Generator:   "llm",
+		LabelSource: verifier.LabelSourceVisibleText,
+		Logger:      slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil)),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Run: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if summary.DispatchedActions != 4 {
+		t.Errorf("DispatchedActions = %d, want 4: every step drove the app",
+			summary.DispatchedActions)
+	}
+	if summary.GeneratorActions != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("GeneratorActions = %d, want 2: the model drove the two steps setup left it",
+			summary.GeneratorActions)
+	}
+	lines := readTraceLines(t, state.writer.Directory())
+	if len(lines) != 4 {
+		t.Fatalf("wrote %d trace lines, want 4", len(lines))
+	}
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		if line.NextAction == nil || line.ActionSkipped != "" {
+			t.Fatalf("step %d = %+v, want an action dispatched", line.Step, line)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, line := range lines[:2] {
+		if line.NextAction.Source != "" {
+			t.Errorf("step %d action source = %q, want none: setup chose it",
+				line.Step, line.NextAction.Source)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, line := range lines[2:] {
+		if line.NextAction.Source != "llm" {
+			t.Errorf("step %d action source = %q, want llm", line.Step, line.NextAction.Source)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 // llmSetupFixtureSpec drives the first action from setup, so the model is never
 // consulted for that step.
 const llmSetupFixtureSpec = `
diff --git a/internal/runner/runner.go b/internal/runner/runner.go
index fa8f907..2723637 100644
--- a/internal/runner/runner.go
+++ b/internal/runner/runner.go
@@ -79,6 +79,13 @@ type Summary struct {
 	// A run at zero never touched the app, whatever its step count says, so its
 	// empty violation list is the reading of an instrument that measured nothing.
 	DispatchedActions int
+	// GeneratorActions counts the dispatched actions the generator chose. The
+	// spec's setup drives the app into its starting position before the
+	// generator is consulted, so a run at zero here explored nothing however
+	// many actions its login fired. Only the model generator separates the two:
+	// the seeded picker resolves setup precedence inside the one JS call it
+	// makes, so everything it returns counts as the generator's.
+	GeneratorActions int
 }
 
 type ViolationRecord struct {
@@ -499,6 +506,9 @@ func Run(ctx context.Context, options Options) (Summary, error) {
 		}
 		if nextErr == nil && !applySkipped {
 			summary.DispatchedActions++
+			if generatorChoseAction(actionSource) {
+				summary.GeneratorActions++
+			}
 		}
 		summary.Steps = stepIndex
 		if len(violations) > 0 {
diff --git a/internal/testrun/testrun.go b/internal/testrun/testrun.go
index b4d36d9..64d6c73 100644
--- a/internal/testrun/testrun.go
+++ b/internal/testrun/testrun.go
@@ -265,13 +265,16 @@ func Execute(ctx context.Context, options Options, stdout io.Writer) error {
 // fraction of them: a screen that composes now and then costs a healthy android
 // run a step or two, and a check that fired on those would be red on every run.
 //
-// A run that dispatched no action at all fails on the same grounds, and the
+// A run whose generator dispatched no action fails on the same grounds, and the
 // threshold is zero for the same reason: a generator with nothing to offer on
 // some screens is ordinary, one with nothing to offer on every screen of a whole
-// run drove nothing. --exit-on-violation keeps precedence over it so a run that
-// found something still exits on its evidence, and the property-free opt-out
-// exempts the sweeps, whose measurement is where a generator reaches and for
-// which "nowhere on this build" is a result rather than a broken run.
+// run drove nothing. The count is the generator's alone because a spec's setup
+// drives the app before the generator is consulted, so a login that ran leaves
+// dispatched actions behind whatever the generator then did.
+// --exit-on-violation keeps precedence over it so a run that found something
+// still exits on its evidence, and the property-free opt-out exempts the sweeps,
+// whose measurement is where a generator reaches and for which "nowhere on this
+// build" is a result rather than a broken run.
 func runOutcome(options Options, summary runner.Summary) error {
 	if summary.Steps > 0 && summary.SkippedVerification == summary.Steps {
 		return VacuousRunError{Steps: summary.Steps}
@@ -279,8 +282,8 @@ func runOutcome(options Options, summary runner.Summary) error {
 	if options.ExitOnViolation && len(summary.Violations) > 0 {
 		return ViolationsError{Count: len(summary.Violations)}
 	}
-	if !options.AllowNoProperties && summary.Steps > 0 && summary.DispatchedActions == 0 {
-		return NoActionsDispatchedError{
+	if !options.AllowNoProperties && summary.Steps > 0 && summary.GeneratorActions == 0 {
+		return NoGeneratorActionsError{
 			Steps:          summary.Steps,
 			SkippedActions: summary.SkippedActions,
 		}
@@ -352,13 +355,14 @@ func (e NoPropertiesError) Error() string {
 		e.Spec)
 }
 
-// NoActionsDispatchedError reports a run not one of whose steps drove the app.
-// Every screen it judged was the one it launched on, so its empty violation list
-// says as much about the app as a spec with no properties would: the run
-// observed, judged the same state over and over, and exercised nothing. It stays
-// untyped to the CLI's violation path like VacuousRunError, so it exits 1 as a
-// run that holds no verdict rather than 2.
-type NoActionsDispatchedError struct {
+// NoGeneratorActionsError reports a run not one of whose steps was driven by the
+// action generator. Setup can put the app in position, but only the generator
+// explores it, so every screen this run judged was one setup left it on and its
+// empty violation list says as much about the app as a spec with no properties
+// would: the run observed, judged the same state over and over, and exercised
+// nothing. It stays untyped to the CLI's violation path like VacuousRunError, so
+// it exits 1 as a run that holds no verdict rather than 2.
+type NoGeneratorActionsError struct {
 	Steps int
 	// SkippedActions is the runner's per-reason count of actions that never
 	// reached the app, which is where the cause is: a picker with no candidate
@@ -366,11 +370,12 @@ type NoActionsDispatchedError struct {
 	SkippedActions map[string]int
 }
 
-func (e NoActionsDispatchedError) Error() string {
+func (e NoGeneratorActionsError) Error() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf(
-		"%d step(s) ran and none of them dispatched an action: the run observed the app "+
-			"and never drove it, so it judged its launch screen over and over and its "+
-			"violation count says nothing about the rest of the app%s",
+		"%d step(s) ran and the action generator drove the app in none of them: whatever "+
+			"the spec's setup did to get the app into position, nothing explored it from "+
+			"there, so the run judged one screen over and over and its violation count "+
+			"says nothing about the rest of the app%s",
 		e.Steps, skipReasonSuffix(e.SkippedActions))
 }
 
diff --git a/internal/testrun/testrun_test.go b/internal/testrun/testrun_test.go
index 5c7ac94..5a87309 100644
--- a/internal/testrun/testrun_test.go
+++ b/internal/testrun/testrun_test.go
@@ -299,9 +299,10 @@ func TestRunOutcome_ReportsViolationsOnlyUnderTheFlag(t *testing.T) {
 	violated := runner.Summary{
 		Steps:             7,
 		DispatchedActions: 7,
+		GeneratorActions:  7,
 		Violations:        []runner.ViolationRecord{{StepIndex: 3, Properties: []string{"balanceMoves"}}},
 	}
-	clean := runner.Summary{Steps: 7, DispatchedActions: 7}
+	clean := runner.Summary{Steps: 7, DispatchedActions: 7, GeneratorActions: 7}
 
 	if err := runOutcome(Options{}, violated); err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("without --exit-on-violation a violated run must succeed, got %v", err)
@@ -339,7 +340,12 @@ func TestRunOutcome_ARunThatJudgedNothingIsNotASuccess(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// A screen that composes now and then costs a run steps, not its verdict. A
 	// check that fired here would turn every healthy android run red.
-	mostlyJudged := runner.Summary{Steps: 6, SkippedVerification: 5, DispatchedActions: 1}
+	mostlyJudged := runner.Summary{
+		Steps:               6,
+		SkippedVerification: 5,
+		DispatchedActions:   1,
+		GeneratorActions:    1,
+	}
 	if err := runOutcome(Options{}, mostlyJudged); err != nil {
 		t.Errorf("a run that judged one of its 6 steps must succeed, got %v", err)
 	}
@@ -355,10 +361,10 @@ func TestRunOutcome_ARunThatDroveNothingIsNotASuccess(t *testing.T) {
 		SkippedActions: map[string]int{"no_action_produced": 200},
 	}
 	err := runOutcome(Options{}, droveNothing)
-	var dead NoActionsDispatchedError
+	var dead NoGeneratorActionsError
 	if !errors.As(err, &dead) {
 		t.Fatalf("a run that dispatched none of its 200 steps' actions came back %v, "+
-			"want a NoActionsDispatchedError", err)
+			"want a NoGeneratorActionsError", err)
 	}
 	if dead.Steps != 200 {
 		t.Errorf("steps: got %d, want 200", dead.Steps)
@@ -367,11 +373,12 @@ func TestRunOutcome_ARunThatDroveNothingIsNotASuccess(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("the error never names why nothing was dispatched: %v", dead)
 	}
 
-	// One action is exploration, however little. A check that fired here would
-	// be red on any run whose screen offers the generator nothing for a while.
-	droveOnce := runner.Summary{Steps: 200, DispatchedActions: 1}
+	// One generator action is exploration, however little. A check that fired
+	// here would be red on any run whose screen offers the generator nothing for
+	// a while.
+	droveOnce := runner.Summary{Steps: 200, DispatchedActions: 1, GeneratorActions: 1}
 	if err := runOutcome(Options{}, droveOnce); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("a run that dispatched one action must succeed, got %v", err)
+		t.Errorf("a run whose generator dispatched one action must succeed, got %v", err)
 	}
 
 	// The sweeps that measure what a spec extracts and where a generator reaches
@@ -401,6 +408,41 @@ func TestRunOutcome_ARunThatDroveNothingIsNotASuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// A spec whose setup logs in drives the app before the generator is ever
+// consulted, so a run whose every model call failed still reached the driver a
+// few times. Those actions are the harness getting into position: counting them
+// as the run driving the app passed 86 steps of folio that explored nothing.
+func TestRunOutcome_SetupActionsDoNotCarryARunWhoseGeneratorDroveNothing(t *testing.T) {
+	loginThenNothing := runner.Summary{
+		Steps:             86,
+		DispatchedActions: 3,
+		GeneratorActions:  0,
+		SkippedActions:    map[string]int{"no_action_produced": 83},
+	}
+	err := runOutcome(Options{}, loginThenNothing)
+	var dead NoGeneratorActionsError
+	if !errors.As(err, &dead) {
+		t.Fatalf("a run whose 3 dispatched actions all came from setup came back %v, "+
+			"want a NoGeneratorActionsError", err)
+	}
+	if dead.Steps != 86 {
+		t.Errorf("steps: got %d, want 86", dead.Steps)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(dead.Error(), "no_action_produced") {
+		t.Errorf("the error never names why the generator dispatched nothing: %v", dead)
+	}
+
+	// The same run under --exit-on-violation still reports its evidence: CI
+	// reads exit 2 as "the run found the bug", and a setup-only run that found
+	// one must not be downgraded to a broken harness.
+	found := loginThenNothing
+	found.Violations = []runner.ViolationRecord{{StepIndex: 2, Properties: []string{"balanceMoves"}}}
+	var violations ViolationsError
+	if err := runOutcome(Options{ExitOnViolation: true}, found); !errors.As(err, &violations) {
+		t.Errorf("a setup-only run that found a violation came back %v, want a ViolationsError", err)
+	}
+}
+
 // wedgedLaunchDriver never returns from Launch, standing in for a driver whose
 // device-side session is stuck.
 type wedgedLaunchDriver struct {
diff --git a/skills/sanderling-run-triage/SKILL.md b/skills/sanderling-run-triage/SKILL.md
index 856846b..d879ab7 100644
--- a/skills/sanderling-run-triage/SKILL.md
+++ b/skills/sanderling-run-triage/SKILL.md
@@ -25,7 +25,10 @@ complete and useful answer.
 - **1** means the harness broke. A bad target gives
   `error: launch app: page load error net::ERR_UNSAFE_PORT` and exit 1, and
   writes no run directory at all, because the trace is created after the launch
-  succeeds.
+  succeeds. A run that finished also exits 1 when it holds no verdict to report:
+  a spec with no properties, a run no step of which reached the verifier, or one
+  whose action generator never drove the app (section 5). Those do leave a full
+  run directory behind.
 
 Anything other than 0 and 2 means the run did not complete, and a missing
 `trace.jsonl` under a 0 or a 2 means there is nothing to judge rather than
@@ -182,7 +185,15 @@ seconds a step for a run that is driving something real.
 **It spent its budget on one action.** Count `next_action` by kind and selector.
 A run whose actions are one selector explored nothing, whatever its step count.
 
-None of these change the exit code. All of them change what the run proves,
+**The generator never drove the app.** A model run whose every call fails still
+dispatches the actions its spec's setup produced, so a login-fronted spec leaves
+a trace and a summary that read like a run that acted. This one the run refuses
+itself: exit 1 and `N step(s) ran and the action generator drove the app in none
+of them`, followed by the per reason tally of what never reached the app.
+`llm-calls.jsonl` carries the cause, one record per step, and the trace's
+`action_skipped` names it on each step that produced nothing.
+
+None of the others change the exit code. All of them change what the run proves,
 which is nothing.
 
 ## 6. `skipped_verification`, `transitional`, and the judged count