diff --git a/internal/runner/relaunch_last_action_test.go b/internal/runner/relaunch_last_action_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a63db24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/runner/relaunch_last_action_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+package runner
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/priyanshujain/sanderling/internal/driver"
+	mockdriver "github.com/priyanshujain/sanderling/internal/driver/mock"
+)
+
+const relaunchBundleID = "app.folio"
+
+// leavesForegroundAfterSubmitDriver is the device condition the app-scope guard
+// exists for: the submit tap lands and commits, and the app is no longer the
+// foreground app by the time the next step looks. Folio's transactions are in
+// sqlite, so the commit survives the relaunch and the next hierarchy read shows
+// it.
+type leavesForegroundAfterSubmitDriver struct {
+	*mockdriver.Driver
+	commitsPerTap int64
+	committed     atomic.Int64
+	away          atomic.Bool
+}
+
+func (d *leavesForegroundAfterSubmitDriver) Tap(context.Context, int, int) error {
+	return d.commitThenLeave()
+}
+
+func (d *leavesForegroundAfterSubmitDriver) TapSelector(context.Context, string) error {
+	return d.commitThenLeave()
+}
+
+func (d *leavesForegroundAfterSubmitDriver) commitThenLeave() error {
+	d.committed.Add(d.commitsPerTap)
+	d.away.Store(true)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *leavesForegroundAfterSubmitDriver) Launch(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	bundleID string,
+	clearState bool,
+	env map[string]string,
+) error {
+	d.away.Store(false)
+	return d.Driver.Launch(ctx, bundleID, clearState, env)
+}
+
+func (d *leavesForegroundAfterSubmitDriver) ForegroundApp(context.Context) (string, error) {
+	if d.away.Load() {
+		return "com.android.launcher", nil
+	}
+	return relaunchBundleID, nil
+}
+
+func (d *leavesForegroundAfterSubmitDriver) FocusedWindowApp(ctx context.Context) (string, error) {
+	return d.ForegroundApp(ctx)
+}
+
+func (d *leavesForegroundAfterSubmitDriver) Snapshot(context.Context) (string, driver.Image, error) {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(homeWithTxnCount, d.committed.Load()), driver.Image{}, nil
+}
+
+// A relaunch is not proof that nothing ran before it. The submit was dispatched
+// and confirmed; what the relaunch changed is that the app restarted between
+// the two readings the property compares. Reporting "no action" for it hands
+// submitCommitsOneTransactionPerAction a transaction rise of one against a
+// window of zero submits, which is the conviction #77 fixed for the apply-error
+// path, manufactured here out of the scope guard instead.
+func TestRunner_ARelaunchDoesNotConvictTheSubmitCountingProperty(t *testing.T) {
+	predicates, err := filepath.Abs("../../examples/folio/sanderling/predicates.ts")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	spec := fmt.Sprintf(submitCountingSpecTemplate, predicates)
+
+	run := func(t *testing.T, commitsPerTap int64) []ViolationRecord {
+		t.Helper()
+		state := newHarnessWithSpec(t, spec)
+		device := &leavesForegroundAfterSubmitDriver{Driver: state.mock, commitsPerTap: commitsPerTap}
+
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
+		defer cancel()
+		summary, err := Run(ctx, Options{
+			Duration:    time.Hour,
+			IdleTimeout: 20 * time.Millisecond,
+			MaxSteps:    2,
+			BundleID:    relaunchBundleID,
+			Driver:      device,
+			Verifier:    state.verifier,
+			TraceWriter: state.writer,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Run: %v", err)
+		}
+		if summary.Steps != 2 {
+			t.Fatalf("steps = %d, want 2; the run never reached the step that judges the pair", summary.Steps)
+		}
+		if got := device.committed.Load(); got != commitsPerTap*2 {
+			t.Fatalf("the device committed %d transaction(s), want %d; the taps never reached it",
+				got, commitsPerTap*2)
+		}
+		relaunches := 0
+		for _, action := range state.mock.Actions() {
+			if action.Kind == mockdriver.ActionLaunch {
+				relaunches++
+			}
+		}
+		if relaunches == 0 {
+			t.Fatal("the app was never relaunched, so the guard this test is about never ran")
+		}
+		return summary.Violations
+	}
+
+	t.Run("one transaction per tap is not a double submit", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if violations := run(t, 1); len(violations) != 0 {
+			t.Errorf("the counting property convicted a healthy app: %v\n"+
+				"one transaction rose against a submit the runner confirmed, and the "+
+				"spec was told no action happened because the app was relaunched",
+				violations)
+		}
+	})
+
+	// The control. Without it a green above proves nothing: a property that
+	// never sees a comparable pair is silently vacuous and reports the same
+	// empty violation list.
+	t.Run("two transactions per tap still convicts", func(t *testing.T) {
+		violations := run(t, 2)
+		if len(violations) == 0 {
+			t.Fatal("the counting property missed a double submit; the harness never " +
+				"put the property in a position to fire, so the case above proves nothing")
+		}
+		if violations[0].Properties[0] != "submitCommitsOneTransactionPerAction" {
+			t.Errorf("violated %v, want submitCommitsOneTransactionPerAction", violations[0].Properties)
+		}
+	})
+}
diff --git a/internal/runner/uncertain_last_action_test.go b/internal/runner/uncertain_last_action_test.go
index f687e99..a02ffd4 100644
--- a/internal/runner/uncertain_last_action_test.go
+++ b/internal/runner/uncertain_last_action_test.go
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import (
 //
 // The spec below is the real folio predicate pair, imported from the example,
 // so what this asserts is the verdict the shipped property reaches.
-const uncertainApplySpecTemplate = `
+const submitCountingSpecTemplate = `
 import { actions, always, extract, next, Tap } from "@sanderling/spec";
 import {
   committedTransactionsExceedSubmits,
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ func TestRunner_ApplyErrorAfterDispatchDoesNotConvictTheSubmitCountingProperty(t
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	spec := fmt.Sprintf(uncertainApplySpecTemplate, predicates)
+	spec := fmt.Sprintf(submitCountingSpecTemplate, predicates)
 
 	run := func(t *testing.T, commitsPerTap int64) []ViolationRecord {
 		t.Helper()